Every claim in this report traces back to one of 34 evidence records below. Each was captured passively during recon, hashed at capture for chain-of-custody, and graded per the Admiralty Scale (NATO STANAG 2511). Click any ev_xxx chip elsewhere in the report to jump straight to its source record.
ev_001 B-2 A neural processing unit (NPU), also known as an AI accelerator or deep learning processor, is a class of specialized hardware accelerator or computer system designed to accelerate artificial intelligence and machine learning applications, including artificial neural networks and computer vision. NPU can be standalone, a part of a CPU or a part of a GPU.
ev_002 B-2 Roots traced to the invention of the transistor by Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen at Bell Labs in 1948. In 1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild independently invented the Integrated Circuit. The industry's annual semiconductor sales revenue has since grown to over $481 billion, as of 2018.
ev_003 B-2 A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed for digital image processing and to accelerate computer graphics... GPUs are also increasingly being used for artificial intelligence (AI) processing due to linear algebra acceleration.
ev_004 B-2 Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is a neural processing unit (NPU) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google for neural network machine learning. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015, and in 2018 made them available for third-party use, both as part of its cloud infrastructure and by offering a smaller version of the chip for sale.
ev_005 B-2 Nvidia Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California... Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem. Develops GPUs, SoCs, and APIs for data science, high-performance computing, AI, and mobile and automotive applications.
ev_006 B-2 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It develops CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, SoCs, and high-performance computer components.
ev_007 B-2 Intel Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Intel was the world's third-largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue in 2024.
ev_008 B-2 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited... headquartered in Hsinchu Science Park... holds a commanding majority in the semiconductor foundry market, accounting for approximately 70% of the global market share... main supplier for Nvidia, Apple, Broadcom, and Qualcomm. Its role as a supply chain bottleneck raises concerns that a disruption could cause another worldwide chip shortage.
ev_009 B-2 Broadcom Inc. is an American multinational designer, developer, manufacturer, and global supplier of a wide range of semiconductor and infrastructure software products. As of 2026—amid the AI boom—Broadcom is one of the largest companies globally.
ev_010 B-2 Signed into law by President Joe Biden on August 9, 2022. Authorizes roughly $280 billion in new funding, appropriates $52.7 billion. Includes $39 billion in subsidies for chip manufacturing on U.S. soil, 25% investment tax credits, and $13 billion for semiconductor R&D and workforce training.
ev_011 B-2 Cerebras Systems Inc., headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, develops semiconductors, supercomputers, and related software to power artificial intelligence deep-learning applications. Products include wafer scale engine (WSE)-3 semiconductors, CS-3 supercomputers, and AI inference/training cloud APIs.
ev_012 B-2 Groq, Inc. is an American AI company that builds an AI accelerator ASIC. The architecture was originally introduced as a Tensor Streaming Processor (TSP) but was later rebranded as a Language Processing Unit (LPU).
ev_013 B-2 SK Hynix Inc.... is a South Korean semiconductor company that manufactures DRAM and flash memory chips. Along with Samsung Electronics and Micron is one of the 'Big Three' memory manufacturers.
ev_014 B-2 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a South Korean multinational... founded in 1969 and headquartered in Yeongtong District, Suwon, South Korea.
ev_015 B-2 CUDA is a proprietary parallel computing platform and API developed by Nvidia... CUDA was created by Nvidia starting in 2004 and was officially released in 2007.
ev_016 A-1 Legal name: NVIDIA CORPORATION. Jurisdiction: US-DE. Headquarters address: 2788 SAN TOMAS EXPRESSWAY, SANTA CLARA, US-CA 95051, US. Status: ACTIVE. Creation date: 1998-02-24. BIC: NVDAUS6SXXX.
ev_017 A-1 Legal name: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. Jurisdiction: US-DE. Creation date: 1969-05-01. Status: ACTIVE.
ev_018 A-1 Legal name: INTEL CORPORATION. Jurisdiction: US-DE. Creation date: 1989-03-01. Status: ACTIVE.
ev_019 A-1 Legal name: ASML Holding N.V. Jurisdiction: NL. Headquarters: De Run 6501, Veldhoven, 5504DR, NL. Creation date: 1994-10-02. Status: ACTIVE.
ev_020 A-1 Legal name: BROADCOM INC. Previous legal name: Broadcom Limited. Jurisdiction: US-DE. Headquarters: 1320 Ridder Park Drive, San Jose, US-CA 95131, US. Status: ACTIVE.
ev_021 A-1 Legal name: ALPHABET INC. Jurisdiction: US-DE. Headquarters: 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, US-CA 94043, US. Creation date: 2015-07-23. Status: ACTIVE.
ev_022 A-1 WASHINGTON—Feb. 6, 2026—The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) today announced global semiconductor sales hit $791.7 billion in 2025, an increase of 25.6% compared to the 2024 total of $630.5 billion.
ev_023 C-3 Revenues have shifted significantly since 2021, with Nvidia as the market share leader at 86% as of late 2025.
ev_024 C-3 NVIDIA's market share for discrete GPUs reached about 92% in early 2025, according to analysts tracking GPU shipments.
ev_025 B-2 SIA estimates 1.05 trillion units of total chip sales for the full year 2025. Using WSTS's estimates of US$772 billion worth of total [semiconductor revenue in 2025].
ev_026 A-1 In November 2023, after BIS controlled the A800 and H800 chips, Nvidia announced H20, L20, and L2 chips for China. The H20 is a modified H100.
ev_027 A-1 BIS will now review export license applications for the Nvidia H200, AMD MI325X, and similar chips on a case-by-case basis provided certain [conditions are met].
ev_028 B-2 TrendForce's latest foundry industry findings point out that AI demand has surged rapidly since 2023, leading to capacity bottlenecks in 3[nm/2nm wafers and 2.5D/3D advanced packaging].
ev_029 C-3 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) is committing $56 billion in 2026 to expand AI chip output, including new 3nm fabs and [advanced packaging].
ev_030 B-2 The GB200 NVL72 provides up to a 30x performance increase compared to the same number of NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPUs for LLM inference. Announced March 18, 2024.
ev_031 B-2 AMD unveiled its new MI350X and MI355X GPUs for AI workloads here at its Advancing AI 2025 event in San Jose, California, claiming the new accelerators offer up to 4X generational performance and 35X faster inference [vs the prior generation].
ev_032 B-2 ASML (NASDAQ: ASML), the leading Dutch supplier of semiconductor equipment and the sole provider of EUV lithography systems, begins 2026 on [a strong note]; High-NA EUV in early deployment.
ev_033 B-2 The pure-play foundry sector grew 30% YoY in Q1 2026, primarily driven by surging AI GPU and ASIC orders, including for advanced packaging.
ev_034 C-3 Nvidia's Q1 FY2027 earnings beat expectations with $81.6B revenue (85% YoY growth) and $1.87 EPS. Data center growth analysis.
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